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<td width="777" bgcolor="#61370E" class="menu"> <div align="center" class="menu"><span class="style5"><a href="index.htm">Home</a> <a href="correspondence.htm">Correspondence</a> <a href="memorabilia.htm">Memorabilia</a> <a href="appraisals.htm">Appraisals</a> <a href="contact.htm">Contact</a></span></div></td>
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<td bordercolor="#333333" bgcolor="#FFFBF2"><p align="center"><span class="style30"><span class="style45"><a href="eulogy.htm">Read Frank Kameny's</a></span> <a href="eulogy.htm"><span class="style47">Eulogy for Barbara Gittings</span> </a></span></p></td>
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<td bordercolor="#333333" bgcolor="#FFFBF2"><p align="center"><span class="style30"><span class="style45"><a href="boomletter.htm">Read Frank Kameny's</a></span> <a href="boomletter.htm"><span class="style47">Letter to Tom Brokaw regarding his book "Boom!"</span> </a></span></p></td>
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<p align="center"><span class="style40">The Kameny Papers Project received this certificate from the Smithsonian Institution:</span><span class="style43"></a><br />
</span><a href="images/smithsonian-acknowledgement.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="images/smithsonian-acknowledgement-thumb.jpg" width="130" height="175" border="0" align="middle" /></a><span class="style42"><br />
Click the above image to see a full-size pdf version of this "Acknowledgement of Gift".</span><br />
<br />
<a href="button.htm"><img src="images/kamenybutton.gif" width="130" height="130" border="0" /></a> <br />
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<td bordercolor="#333333" bgcolor="#FFFBF2"><p align="center"><span class="style30">NEW!</span> <br />
<strong>Visit the <a href="journalism.htm">Kameny Papers Journalism Archive</a> : </strong><br />
More from Frank's attic, one of the most comprehensive collections of early gay journalism! </p></td>
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<td><p class="style13"><span class="style12">Provenance:</span><br>
<br />
<span class="style12">The source of the KamenyPapers is Frank Kameny himself; these papers come from a lifetime collection, which has remained in the attic of his residence.<br />
Dr. Kameny is the sole owner of the archive; he has personally authorized this effort to preserve and donate his papers. We are his agents to accomplish this effort, and will receive no payment or commission, beyond approved expenses.</span></td>
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<div class="style3" id="hn-headline">
<p><img src="images/kamenygaygoodmarch1.png" width="648" height="252" /></p>
<p><strong>Kameny's Storybook Ending</strong></p>
</div>
<p> <strong>by Charles Francis<br />
<a href="http://www.washingtonblade.com/2011/10/20/kamenys-storybook-ending/" target="_new">Washington Blade – October 20, 2011</a></strong></p>
<p>The freight elevator opened with a shudder. It sounded like a death rattle. Gloved attendants pushed the sheet-covered gurney down a long corridor, stopping at the doors to a vault. The doors opened onto a room of drawers and lockers surrounding a platform —like a morgue.</p>
<p>We gathered and held our breath as the attendants rolled back the shroud. Where one might expect a pair of legs were wooden sticks. Nicked and numbered, the sticks were not attached to a corpse but a neat pile of well-aged picket signs, hand-lettered, “First Class Citizenship for Homosexuals.” Frank Kameny stood silent, at near attention. And this man was rarely silent. The pickets, carried in 1965, were delivered at that moment in 2006 from his attic to the nation’s — the vault of the National Museum of American History of the Smithsonian Institution.</p>
<p>The pickets were placed on the platform. The Smithsonian curator laid them alongside the writing table where Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence; the inkwell used by Lincoln when signing the Emancipation Proclamation; and the pin worn by Alice Paul who went to jail picketing the White House for women’s suffrage. “Frank, this is where the pickets fit into American history,” the Smithsonian curator said.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.washingtonblade.com/2011/10/20/kamenys-storybook-ending/" target="_new"><em>Read the full article at WashingtonBlade.com</em></a></p>
<hr />
<div class="style3" id="hn-headline3"><strong>Kameny Farewell Viewing Scheduled for November 3</strong></div>
<p> <strong><a href="http://www.advocate.com/printArticle.aspx?id=240147">The Advocate</a><br />
October 20, 2011</strong></p>
<p>The late LGBT rights activist Franklin E. Kameny will be honored with a farewell viewing service next month in Washington, D.C., as well as a Smithsonian museum display that opens Friday. <br />
<br />
The November 3 service at Carnegie Library will be hosted by groups including the Kameny Papers Project and the Rainbow History Project. <br />
<br />
“Dr. Kameny did not leave written instructions on his memorial services, though he did express some of his wishes during his life,” Bob Witeck of Witeck-Combs Communications wrote in a Thursday press release. “As friends and all volunteers, we are attempting to honor those wishes as best we can. We urge all of his friends and allies to feel free to honor his memory in your own ways and to try to live up to his aspirations for a truly just and truly equal America."<br />
<br />
<strong>Information on the farewell viewing service, via Witeck-Combs: </strong><br />
<br />
"Gay Is Good"<br />
<em>Paying Our Last Respects to an American Civil Rights Hero Washington, D.C. Thursday, November 3, 2011</em><br />
<strong><br />
What:</strong><br />
<br />
Lying-in-State for Dr. Franklin E. Kameny<br />
<br />
<strong>Who:</strong><br />
<br />
All are welcome to visit and say goodbye to our fellow citizen, neighbor, friend, advocate, and civil rights champion, Frank Kameny.<br />
<br />
This farewell viewing, to be held over several hours on November 3 to allow many friends to visit at their convenience, was made possible through our Mayor, the Honorable Vincent Gray, and with the endorsement of Members of the D.C. Council, as well as many friends and allies of the late Dr. Kameny.<br />
<br />
<strong>Dr. Franklin E. Kameny Host Committee is led by:</strong><br />
<br />
The Kameny Papers Project<br />
Gay & Lesbian Activists Alliance (GLAA)<br />
Gertrude Stein Democratic Club of Washington, D.C.<br />
Helping Our Brothers and Sisters<br />
Rainbow History Project<br />
As well as other groups, in formation.<br />
<br />
<strong>When:</strong><br />
<br />
Thursday, November 3, 2011 between 3 pm and 8 pm ET<br />
<br />
Note: This will not be a formal program or a funeral service conducted during this viewing period. However, informal remarks by civic leaders and choral presentations may be made during the 5 hours set aside for viewing (details to come).<br />
<br />
<strong>Where:</strong><br />
<br />
The first floor atrium of the historic Carnegie Library Between 7th and 9th Streets N.W. at Mt. Vernon Square Public entrance on K Street N.W.</p>
<p><em><a href="http://www.advocate.com/printArticle.aspx?id=240147" target="_new">Read the full details at Advocate.com</a></em></p>
<hr />
<div class="style3" id="hn-headline4"></div>
<div class="style3" id="hn-headline2"><strong>APNewsBreak: Gay rights papers shown at US library</strong></div>
<p> <strong>(AP) – May 8, 2011</strong></p>
<p>WASHINGTON (AP) — Documents from gay rights history are on display for the first time at the Library of Congress as part of an exhibit on the nation's constitutional history and civil rights protections.</p>
<p>The documents come from gay rights pioneer Frank Kameny, who was fired as a government astronomer in 1957 because he was gay. The library is showing Kameny's 1961 petition to the U.S. Supreme Court, contesting his firing.</p>
<p>Though it was denied, Kameny's was the first petition to the high court for a violation of civil rights based on sexual orientation. He argued the government's actions toward gays were an "affront to human dignity."</p>
<p>"This inclusion is an epic milestone in the telling of gay history because it places gay Americans' struggle for equality where it belongs — in the story of the Constitution itself," Charles Francis, a founder of the Kameny Papers Project, told The Associated Press.</p>
<p>The library quietly placed the documents on view at the end of April in an exhibit called "Creating the United States," which traces the evolution of the nation's founding documents and legal framework. Organizers of the Kameny Papers Project, which donated about 50,000 items to the library in 2006, announced the display Monday.</p>
<p>From the title of the exhibit, Kameny, now 85, said he can claim a new title for himself.</p>
<p>"I suppose you can say at this point, I have become one of the creators of the United States, which I never would have imagined in 1961," Kameny said with a chuckle. "All I can say is from the long view, 50 years, we have moved ahead in a way that would have been absolutely unimaginable back then."</p>
<p>The library also is displaying a 1966 letter from the head of the U.S. Civil Service Commission under President Lyndon B. Johnson, justifying the firing based on the "revulsion of other employees." It was introduced last year as evidence in the battle over gay rights in California to show a long pattern of treatment by the federal government.</p>
<p>In 2009, Kameny received a formal apology for the "shameful action" of being fired solely based on his sexual orientation from the successor to the Civil Service Commission, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management.</p>
<p>"So in a sense, it took 50 years, but I won my case," Kameny said.</p>
<p>Yale Law Professor William Eskridge, an expert on the history of gay rights, said the Kameny papers show how the government's reasons for excluding gay rights shifted over time while Kameny's position was consistent. They are the work of the initial protester, strategist and leader of a major social movement, he said.</p>
<p>"Frank Kameny was the Rosa Parks and the Martin Luther King and the Thurgood Marshall of the gay rights movement," Eskridge said.</p>
<p>"That's why it's important that his papers are available because they're the innermost workings of this great strategist and leader — and they're, of course, archival records of the movement itself," he said.</p>
<p>Library spokeswoman Jennifer Gavin said the Kameny papers were chosen for the exhibit because they deal with civil rights issues.</p>
<p>"They are simply pertinent to the issue," she said.</p>
<p>The papers are part of a rotation of hundreds of documents placed on view since the exhibit opened in 2008 and will likely be on view at least four months.</p>
<p>Kameny, now 85, began fighting for gay rights more than a decade before the Stonewall riots in New York City. The Stonewall rebellion in 1969 proved to be a defining moment as gays and lesbians fought back against police raiding a gay bar. It's celebrated with an annual gay pride march.</p>
<p>In 1965, Kameny was the first to stage a gay rights protest in with about 10 others in front of the White House and later the Pentagon and elsewhere with signs that read: "Homosexuals Ask For the Right to the Pursuit of Happiness," among other messages. He also took on the American Psychiatric Association to successfully argue that being gay or lesbian shouldn't be defined as a mental illness. </p>
<hr />
<h1 class="style3">How the Law Accepted Gays </h1>
<p><strong>by Dale Carpenter<br />
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/29/opinion/29carpenter.html?_r=2&ref=opinion" target="_blank">The
New York Times</a><br />
<abbr title="2011-04-19">April 28, 2011</abbr></strong><abbr title="2011-04-19"></abbr></p>
</div>
<div>
<p> THE prestigious law firm King & Spalding has not fully explained its decision this week <a title="Times article on King & Spaulding" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/26/us/politics/26marriage.html?_r=1"> to stop assisting Congress</a> in defending the law that forbids federal recognition of same-sex marriage. But its reversal suggests the extent to which gay men and lesbians have persuaded much of the legal profession to accept the basic proposition that sexual orientation is irrelevant to a person’s worth and that the law should reflect this judgment. The decision cannot be dismissed simply as a matter of political correctness or bullying by gays. </p>
<p> Gay-rights supporters have transformed the law and the legal profession, opening the doors of law firms, law schools and courts to people who were once casually and cruelly shut out because of their sexual orientation. </p>
<p> But it was a process that took a half-century to unfold. In 1961, a Harvard-trained astronomer, Frank Kameny, stood alone against the federal government. Fired from his federal job simply for being gay, he wanted to petition the Supreme Court. But at a time when all 50 states still criminalized sodomy, even the American Civil Liberties Union declared it had no interest in challenging laws “aimed at the suppression or elimination of homosexuals.” Mr. Kameny wrote his own appellate brief; without comment, the court turned him away. </p>
<p> Over the next quarter-century, lifted by gales of change in sexual morality and in the status of women, gay-rights advocates mobilized at every level of the legal profession. In the late 1960s, they successfully challenged the antigay civil service policies under which Mr. Kameny had been discharged. In 1973, a small group of gay lawyers formed the Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, enlisting the help of prominent heterosexual lawyers. They drafted legislation protecting gays from discrimination in housing and employment. </p>
<p> At the same time, gay-rights supporters began lobbying law schools, and then professional organizations like the American Bar Association, to adopt nondiscrimination policies. With these in place, they pressured schools to exclude law firms from on-campus recruiting unless they agreed not to discriminate against gay students in hiring. The Association of American Law Schools endorsed this approach. These developments paved the way for firms that had once fired suspected homosexuals to adopt their own nondiscrimination policies. </p>
<p> Changes in the profession ran in parallel with the evolution of jurisprudence on sexuality. In 1986, in <a title="Text of Bowers v. Hardwick" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0478_0186_ZS.html">Bowers v. Hardwick</a>, the Supreme Court upheld a Georgia sodomy law. Five justices — one of whom told a closeted law clerk that he had never met a gay person — dismissed the idea of a right to gay sex as “at best, facetious.” But four justices disagreed — a harbinger. Within a decade, openly gay law clerks had become unremarkable. </p>
<p> In 1996, the year Congress passed the Defense of Marriage Act — the law it is now defending — the Supreme Court struck down an antigay state constitutional amendment in Colorado. Justice Antonin Scalia, dissenting, saw the tide turning. He tried to <a title="Scalia dissent in Romer v. Evans" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0517_0620_ZD.html">rewrite the narrative</a> from one of a small and despised minority to one of an elitist legal corps disparaging ordinary Americans. The majority decision, he wrote, reflected “the views and values of the lawyer class from which the court’s members are drawn.” </p>
<p> Any doubt left about where most lawyers stood was eliminated in 2003 in <a title="Text of Lawrence v. Texas" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/02-102.ZS.html">Lawrence v. Texas</a>, which involved another sodomy law. Lambda Legal led the challenge, helped by Jenner & Block, a firm with extensive Supreme Court experience. Other big firms, groups like the American Bar Association and scholars filed supporting briefs. The cumulative effect of decades of work by gay-rights advocates was that the best firms and many of the best lawyers were unwilling to defend sodomy laws on constitutional, let alone policy, grounds. The court agreed, holding in Lawrence that such laws demeaned the very existence of gay people. </p>
<p> No serious case can be made that an institution as powerful as Congress has a right to the services of the biggest law firms and the most credentialed lawyers. The Defense of Marriage Act is not unpopular, and while Congress may be indebted, it is not indigent. A thornier question arises when a firm withdraws from a representation, though in this case the quick withdrawal evidently caused no harm to the client. More troubling is the possibility that a firm might quit because of outside economic pressure rather than principle, though it is unclear whether such pressure played a role in this case. </p>
<p> As Mr. Kameny’s lone crusade showed, the legal profession was not in the vanguard of gay rights. Unlike Mr. Kameny, of course, the House will have excellent counsel on its side: a former solicitor general who resigned from King & Spalding to protest its decision. The world of legal professionals is still a diverse one where basic values collide every day. Respectable constitutional arguments for the Defense of Marriage Act will surely be made — but grounded in ideas, one hopes, not contempt. </p>
<div>
<p><em>Dale Carpenter, a law professor at the University of Minnesota, is the author of the forthcoming “Flagrant Conduct: The Story of Lawrence v. Texas.”</em></p>
</div>
<p><em><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/29/opinion/29carpenter.html?_r=2&ref=opinion" target="_blank">Full article at the New York Times</a></em></p>
</div>
<hr />
<h1 class="style3">Frank Kameny’s Brief for Gay Rights</h1>
<p><strong>by Jonathan Rauch<br />
<abbr title="2011-04-19">April 19, 2011</abbr></strong><abbr title="2011-04-19"></abbr></p>
</div>
<div>
<p>In 1961, Frank Kameny, the pioneering gay-rights activist who was fired from his government job because of his homosexuality, asked the Supreme Court to intervene. The court ignored him and his appeal was forgotten—until now.</p>
<p>Frank’s Supreme Court petition has resurfaced and is now in print <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B004S7FUM4/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=banofthe-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B004S7FUM4" target="_blank">via Amazon Kindle</a>, courtesy of Charles Francis and the <a href="http://kamenypapers.org/" target="_blank">Kameny Papers project</a>. It’s short; read it. At the very least, buy it (proceeds go to benefit Frank). It is a staggering document, not just of historical value but still, 50 years later, a summa of what the gay civil-rights movement is (or should be) about.</p>
<p>Later in the 1960s, with the emergence of the countercultural left and the counter-countercultural response from the religious right, gay rights became a left-wing movement. (As one activist put it in the 1970s: “Never forget, what this movement is about is fucking.”) Frank, from the start, set his sights much, much higher, drawing a straight line from the Declaration of Independence and the Founders to gay individuals’ right to be left alone and choose their own destiny. The natural home for Kameny’s rhetoric and argumentation is the libertarian right, not the left. The voices he channels are those of Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>In World War II, petitioner did not hesitate to fight the Germans, with bullets, in order to help preserve his rights and freedoms and liberties, and those of others. In 1960, it is ironically necessary that he fight the Americans, with words, in order to preserve, against a tyrannical government, some of those same rights, freedoms and liberties, for himself and others.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>In a more rational country, gay equality would have been a <em>conservative </em>cause.</p>
<p>When I say the document is staggering, I’m thinking of passages like this:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Petitioner asserts, flatly, unequivocally, and absolutely uncompromisingly, that homosexuality, whether by mere inclination or by overt act, is not only not immoral, but that for those choosing voluntarily to engage in homosexual acts, such acts are moral in a real and positive sense, and are good, right, and desirable, socially and personally.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Imagine the vision and courage it took to say that…to the U.S. Supreme Court!…in 1961! He’s saying that being gay shouldn’t just be tolerated. It shouldn’t even be merely accepted. It should be admired!</p>
<p>Half a century later, when 43 percent of Americans still <a href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/135764/Americans-Acceptance-Gay-Relations-Crosses-Threshold.aspx" target="_blank">tell Gallup</a> that homosexuality is morally wrong, and when many gays are still reflexively hostile to the classical liberal tradition, the country is still struggling to catch up with Frank; but now, at least, we can all recognize this amazing man for the prophet he was. <a href="http://igfculturewatch.com/2011/04/19/frank-kamenys-brief-for-gay-rights/In%201961,%20Frank%20Kameny,%20the%20pioneering%20gay-rights%20activist%20who%20was%20fired%20from%20his%20government%20job%20for%20being%20gay,%20asked%20the%20Supreme%20Court%20to%20intervene.%20The%20court%20waved%20him%20aside%20without%20comment%20and%20his%20appeal%20was%20forgotten--until%20now.%20Frank%27s%20Supreme%20Court%20petition%20was%20resurfaced%20and%20is%20now%20in%20print%20via%20Amazon%20Kindle,%20courtesy%20of%20Charles%20Francis%20and%20the%20XXKameny%20Papers%20project.%20It%27s%20short;%20read%20it.%20At%20the%20very%20least,%20buy%20it%20%28all%20proceeds%20go%20to%20benefit%20Kameny%29.%20It%20is%20a%20staggering%20document,%20not%20just%20of%20historical%20value%20but%20still,%2050%20years%20later,%20a%20summa%20of%20what%20the%20gay%20civil-rights%20movement%20is%20%28or%20should%20be%29%20about.%20Later%20in%20the%201960s,%20with%20the%20emergence%20of%20the%20countercultural%20Left%20and%20the%20counter-countercultural%20response%20from%20the%20religious%20Right,%20gay%20rights%20became%20a%20culturally%20left-wing%20movement.%20%28As%20one%20activist%20put%20it%20in%20the%201970s:%20%22Never%20forget,%20what%20this%20movement%20is%20about%20is%20fucking.%22%29%20Frank,%20from%20the%20start,%20set%20his%20sights%20much,%20much%20higher,%20drawing%20a%20straight%20line%20from%20the%20Declaration%20of%20Independence%20and%20the%20Founders%20to%20gay%20individuals%27%20right%20to%20be%20left%20alone%20and%20choose%20their%20own%20destiny.%20The%20natural%20home%20for%20Kameny%27s%20rhetoric%20and%20arguments%20he%20uses%20in%201961%20is%20the%20libertarian%20Right,%20not%20the%20libertine%20Left.%20The%20voices%20he%20channels%20are%20those%20of%20Thomas%20Paine%20and%20Thomas%20Jefferson:%3C/p%3E%20%3Cblockquote%3E%3Cp%3EIn%20World%20War%20II,%20petitioner%20did%20not%20hesitate%20to%20fight%20the%20Germans,%20with%20bullets,%20in%20order%20to%20help%20preserve%20his%20rights%20and%20freedoms%20and%20liberties,%20and%20those%20of%20others.%20%20In%201960,%20it%20is%20ironically%20necessary%20that%20he%20fight%20the%20Americans,%20with%20words,%20in%20order%20to%20preserve,%20against%20a%20tyrannical%20government,%20some%20of%20those%20same%20rights,%20freedoms%20and%20liberties,%20for%20himself%20and%20others.%3C/p%3E%3C/blockquote%3E%20%3Cp%3EIn%20a%20more%20rational%20country,%20gay%20equality%20would%20have%20been%20a%20XXconservative%20cause.%20When%20I%20say%20the%20document%20is%20staggering,%20I%27m%20thinking%20of%20passages%20like%20this:%20Petitioner%20asserts,%20flatly,%20unequivocally,%20and%20absolutely%20uncompromisingly,%20that%20homosexuality,%20whether%20by%20mere%20inclination%20or%20by%20overt%20act,%20is%20not%20only%20not%20immoral,%20but%20that%20for%20those%20choosing%20voluntarily%20to%20engage%20in%20homosexual%20acts,%20such%20acts%20are%20moral%20in%20a%20real%20and%20positive%20sense,%20and%20are%20good,%20right,%20and%20desirable,%20socially%20and%20personally.%20Imagine%20the%20vision%20and%20courage%20it%20took%20to%20say%20that--to%20the%20U.S.%20Supreme%20Court--in%201961%21%20He%27s%20saying%20that%20being%20gay%20shouldn%27t%20just%20be%20tolerated.%20It%20shouldn%27t%20even%20be%20just%20accepted.%20It%20should%20be%20admired%21%20Half%20a%20century%20later,%20when%2043%20percent%20XXtell%20Gallup%20that%20homosexuality%20is%20morally%20wrong,%20and%20when%20many%20gays%20are%20still%20reflexivly%20hostile%20to%20libertarianism,%20the%20country%20is%20still%20struggling%20to%20catch%20up%20with%20Frank;%20but%20now,%20at%20least,%20we%20can%20all%20recognize%20this%20amazing%20man%20for%20the%20prophet%20he%20was.%20XXSee%20for%20yourself." target="_blank">See for yourself</a>.</p>
<p><em><a href="http://igfculturewatch.com/2011/04/19/frank-kamenys-brief-for-gay-rights/" target="_blank">Via Independent Gay Forum</a></em></p>
</div>
<p><strong><br />
</strong></p>
</div>
<h1 class="style3">50th Anniversary of a Legal Revolution</h1>
<p><strong>Charles Francis<br />
</strong><strong>Founder, Kameny Papers Project<br />
March</strong><strong> 25, 2011</strong></p>
<div><em><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/charles-francis/frank-karmeny-supreme-court_b_840659.html" target="_blank">via Huffington Post</a></em></div>
<div>
<p>Fifty years ago this week, in 1961 Frank Kameny picked up his copy of <em>The Washington Star</em> and read the bad news in a one inch column: "Petition Denied". Kameny's petition for a hearing of his case before the U.S. Supreme Court had been denied. Kameny was fired from his job at the United States Army Map Service in 1957 when he was discovered to be homosexual. Unlike so many gay men and women who had been discovered and fired because of the U.S. government's ban on homosexual employment, Kameny fought.<br />
<br />
Back then, no one noticed. But history's judgment is final: Kameny's powerfully argued petition to the Court marked day one in a revolution of legal argumentation and law for a vast homosexual minority demanding equal citizenship. Next month, Kameny's petition will go on public exhibition in the Jefferson Library of The Library of Congress. </p>
<p>Eight years before Stonewall, Kameny's petition laid out the argument for gay civil equality, not in the streets, but in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. He wrote the Court:</p>
<blockquote>Not only are the government's present policies on homosexuality irrational in themselves, but they are unreasonable in that they are grossly inconsistent with the fundamental precepts upon which this government is based...we may commence with the Declaration of Independence, and its affirmation , as an "inalienable right" that of the "pursuit of happiness". Surely a most fundamental , unobjectionable, and unexceptionable element in human happiness is the right to bestow affection upon and to receive affection from whom one wishes. Yet, upon pain of severe penalty, the government itself would abridge this right for the homosexual.
<p><em>-From Kameny's Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Supreme Court, January, 1961</em></p>
</blockquote>
<p><em><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/charles-francis/frank-karmeny-supreme-court_b_840659.html" target="_blank">Read More</a></em></p>
</div>
<hr />
<p class="style3"><strong>Frank Kameny's Petition</strong> to the U.S. Supreme Court now available on Kindle eBooks</p>
<p><strong>March 22, 2011</strong></p>
<div></div>
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<td><img src="images/KamenyKindleCover.jpg" alt="" width="196" height="265" /></td>
<td bgcolor="#FFE385"><div><strong>"What an eye-opening read. It is astounding to see Kameny , in 1960, making the same arguments that have now caused the invalidation of sodomy laws, the protection of LGBT civil servants from discrimination, and the repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell. Although the courts have now agreed that it is not up to the government to label homosexuality "immoral", that was a courageous claim indeed in 1960. It's great to see the first shot in the legal battle for LGBT civil rights in America rescued and made available to all. A small volume to be treasured by all who believe in equality and fairness."</strong></div>
<div><br />
</div>
<div>-Paul M. Smith</div>
<div>Partner and Chairman, Supreme Court practice, Jenner & Block, Washington, D.C.</div>
<div>(<em>Smith provided the oral argument at the Supreme Court </em><em>in Lawrence v. Texas, 2003)</em></div>
<div></div>
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</div>
<div> "<strong>Petition Denied. Revolution Begun. The 50th Anniversary of Frank Kameny's Petition to the United States Supreme Court" </strong>( $ 9.95, Kindle eBook, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B004S7FUM4/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=banofthe-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B004S7FUM4">available at Kindle Books, Amazon.com</a>) All proceeds to benefit Frank Kameny.</div>
<div>
<p>The first gay rights legal brief filed anywhere by anybody was submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1961 by Frank Kameny, eight years before Stonewall. We have just published a special 50th Anniversary edition of "<strong>Petition Denied. Revolution Begun.</strong>" as an eBook at Kindle, Amazon.com ( $9.95 ). </p>
<p>as <a href="http://bandofthebes.typepad.com/bandofthebes/2011/03/for-50th-anniversary-kameny-supreme-court-petition-now-on-kindle.html"><em>Band of Thebes</em></a> reports:</p>
<p>Already housed in the Library of Congress's collection of Kameny papers, his Supreme Court petition will become part of the library's ongoing exhibit <a href="http://myloc.gov/exhibitions/creatingtheus/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank">"Creating the United States,"</a> when they update it in late April. This early demand for legal recognition of lesbian and gay equality will stand among documents by Jefferson, the Marquis de Lafayette, and other powerful voices in the shaping of America. </p>
</div>
<div></div>
<div>
<p><em><strong>from the Petition:</strong></em></p>
<blockquote>"In World War II, petitioner did not hesitate to fight the Germans, with bullets, in order to help preserve his rights and freedoms and liberties, and those of others. In 1960, it is ironically necessary that he fight the Americans, with words, in order to preserve, against a tyrannical government, some of those same rights, freedoms and liberties, for himself and others. He asks this court, by its granting of a writ of certiorari, to allow him to engage in that battle." </p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div>
<p><strong>All proceeds to benefit Frank Kameny. If you have a Kindle reader order yours today, or tell a friend or library. </strong></p>
<p><strong><em><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B004S7FUM4/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=banofthe-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B004S7FUM4">Click here to purchase at Kindle Books</a></em></strong></p>
<p><strong> <br />
</strong></p>
</div>
<hr />
<p class="style3"><strong>Kameny Papers Expose a Dark Legacy</strong></p>
<p><strong>January 18, 2011</strong></p>
<div>from "The Gay and Lesbian Review"</div>
<div>by Charles Francis</div>
<div><img src="images/IMGP0750.jpg" width="196" height="265" /><br />
</div>
<div> The "REVULSION LETTER" is on its way to the Supreme Court. Triggered by gay and lesbian Americans picketing the White House in 1965, and hidden away in the attic of pioneer gay civil rights activist Frank Kameny until he donated it to the Library of Congress in 2006, this letter established a viciously discriminatory federal policy toward homosexuals that lasted decades. It reverberates still, each time a judge scrutinizes a law that treats gay and lesbian Americans differently from everyone else." <a href="/images/KamenyPapersDarkLegacyPackageV5.pdf" target="_new"><em>Read More</em></a></div>
<p class="style3"><strong>Frank Kameny Way- Washington, DC</strong></p>
<p><strong>June 10, 2010</strong></p>
<p><img src="images/kameny_Way_sign.jpg" width="400" height="300" alt="Kameny Way sign installation" /></p>
<p><strong>Congratulations, Frank!</strong> </p>
<p><img src="lbjletter-zoom.png" width="589" height="285" /></p>
<p><a href="http://www.kamenypapers.com/images/LBJ-10-23-65--1.jpg" target="_blank"><em>Click to read the full text of Frank's letter to LBJ</em></a> (full size) </p>
<p><img src="kamenyway-fenty-sm.jpg" width="500" height="447" /></p>
<p><em>(l to r) Frank Kameny, D.C. Mayor Adrian Fenty, D.C. City Councilman<br />
Jack Evans rename 17th Street (the block including the landmark "Annie's" <br />
restaurant) Frank Kameny Way. </em></p>
<p> </p>
<hr />
<p class="style3"></p>
<p class="style3"><strong>1960s Letter to Mattachine Society of Washington, D.C. from Civil Service Commission Entered into Evidence, Perry v Schwarznegger</strong></p>
<p><strong>Contact: </strong>Charles Francis<br />
Kameny Papers Project<br />
<a href="mailto:ccfrancis@aol.com">ccfrancis@aol.com</a><br />
<strong> <br />
</strong>A 1966 letter to The Mattachine Society of Washington, D.C. from then Chairman of the U.S. Civil Service Commission John W. Macy, Jr was entered into evidence, January 25, 2010 in Perry v Schwarznegger. The letter is now part of the Kameny Archive at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.<br />
<br />
The letter to Mattachine is a four-page justification for the ban on homosexual employment by the Federal government. <br />
<br />
The relevance of John W. Macy’s letter to Perry is twofold. First, the letter is an example of the animus of the federal government; Macy cites “the revulsion of other employees” when they work with an “admitted sexual deviate”. It is also shows the Federal government refusing to define a homosexual as a person or identity, but only a conduct for which he or she will be fired. “We see no third sex, no oppressed minority or secret society..”,Chairman Macy—who had served under Presidents Eisenhower,Kennedy and Johnson--writes with some sarcasm. <br />
<br />
In the letter, Macy writes Mattachine: “We do not subscribe to the view, which indeed is the rock upon which the Mattachine Society is founded, that “homosexual” is a proper metonym for an individual. Rather we consider the term “homosexual” to be properly used as an adjective to describe the nature of overt sexual relations or conduct.”</p>
<p><em><a href="http://www.kamenypapers.org/perry-v-schwarzenegger.htm" target="_self">Continue reading</a></em></p>
<hr />
<p class="style3">Archive Activism: The story behind The Kameny Papers Project </p>
<p><strong>Remarks</strong><br />
<strong>By Charles Francis</strong><br />
<strong>Founder, Kameny Papers Project</strong><br />
<strong>To the LGBT Caucus of</strong><br />
<strong>The Special Libraries Association</strong><br />
<strong>Washington, D.C.</strong><br />
<strong>June 16, 2009</strong></p>
<p> Thank you for the invitation to address your unique LGBT caucus within the Special Libraries Association.<br />
</p>
<p>It is exciting to speak before a group of librarians and researchers who work for Fortune 100 companies, think tanks, universities and research services. You totally understand the value of archives and in-depth research, and have a unique perspective on how this intersects with LGBT issues. Looking back on the Frank Kameny Papers Project--- our effort to save and secure one of the great collections of LGBT history---I now realize saving and conserving a gay archive or primary material is a kind of activism. </p>
<p>We think of history as text. We think of history as something that exists. <br />
<br />
Rarely do we think of history as something one has to rescue. What if history really is one of those barbaric “ ultimate fights” --- not of fists, but a fight against our worst three enemies: the fireplace, the bonfire… and the garbage bag. The morgues of gay history! <br />
</p>
<p><em><a href="http://www.kamenypapers.org/archiveactivism.htm" target="_self">Continue reading</a></em></p>
<hr />
<p class="style3"></p>
<p class="style3">Kameny Papers Project Artifacts Slideshow</p>
<p><a href="http://hosted.ap.org/specials/interactives/_national/gay_rights_activist/" target="_blank"><img src="../../../Library/Application Support/Adobe/Dreamweaver CS4/en_US/Configuration/ServerConnections/Kameny Papers- NEW FTP/newpicket.png" width="413" height="277" alt="New Kameny artifacts" /></a></p>
<p>June 8, 2009-- Check out this inspiring <a href="http://hosted.ap.org/specials/interactives/_national/gay_rights_activist/ " target="_blank">Associated Press slide show</a>, pegged to the upcoming 40th Anniversary of Stonewall and Frank's antecedent activism in Washington, D.C. The featured pickets are those that did not go to the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History. The photograph of the picketers is now at the Library of Congress.<br />
<br />
Under the leadership of Tim Scofield, who leads the Velvet Foundation with his vision of a National LGBT museum in Washington, D.C., this final remainder of Kameny Papers Project artifacts are going on display this week in Washington. </p>
<p>Read the <a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/wire/sns-ap-us-capital-pride,1,181006.story">L.A. Times article</a> on Frank Kameny. </p>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
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<td bordercolor="#61370E" bgcolor="#F2E2D0"><p class="style3"><strong>Greatest Gay Speech of the Sixties: <br />
"We Throw Down the Gauntlet"</strong></p>
<p>William Safire, in his book <strong><em>Great Speeches in History</em></strong> (W.W.Norton, 1992), asked "What else makes a great speech? Occasion." he wrote. "There comes a dramatic moment in the life of a person or a party or a nation that cries out for the uplift and release of a speech. Someone is called upon to articulate the hope, pride, or grief of all. The speaker becomes the cynosure, the brilliant object of guidance; he or she is all alone out there on the cusp, and the world stops to look and listen." </p>
<p>Frank Kameny's opening statement at the 1969 Department of Defense security clearance hearing of Benning Wentworth, an openly gay man, is such a moment. These remarks were discovered in a Department of Defense transcription in the Kameny Papers archive at The Library of Congress.</p>
<p><strong><a href="gauntlet.htm">"We Throw Down the Gauntlet"</a></strong> by Frank Kameny, delivered at the Department of Defense Hearing on the case of Benning Wentworth, August 19, 1969, Federal Hall, New York City</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><strong>Frank Kameny comments, December 2008, almost <em>40 years later</em>, on his Opening "Throw Down the Gauntlet" Statement at Benning Wentworth's hearing:<br />
</strong> <br />
"Thanks for the laudatory comment. With a little rambling: Some remarks about the case and relevant things of that time.<br />
<br />
The Assistant Counsel referred to in the 4th paragraph of our Opening Statement in the Wentworth case was Barbara Gittings. She and I had functioned as Counsel and Assistant Counsel in Security Clearance cases (mostly, but not all, in the Department of Defense) starting in 1967.<br />
<br />
In our first hearing there, the Department presented, as their Expert Witness the infamous Dr. Charles Socarides, of whom neither of us had ever heard before. We listened in fascinated horror to his testimony under Direct Examination, and then tore him to pieces in three hours of our Cross Examination. We were informed in the weeks following that<br />
hearing that the Department had removed Socarides from their list of Expert Witnesses.<br />
<br />
At that time, these hearings were closed to the public, with only Counsel for both sides, the clearance applicant, and the Examiner or Board allowed into the room. However, this was before the now-ubiquitous security desks at the entrance of every government building, and anyone -- including reporters and media people -- could stroll into any government building, the Pentagon included, at will.<br />
<br />
The primary (not the only) allegation against Wentworth, as in most of these cases, was susceptibility to blackmail, on the mythical but universally-held belief that all gays were the unresisting victims of endless blackmail attempts.<br />
<br />
SO we scheduled a news conference, in the hour preceding the hearing, immediately outside the door of the hearing room. There Wentworth (and others in other cases) announced to the world that they were gay (although that word didn't come into common parlance until about 1970 or 1971 or so), and that they engaged in homosexual sexual activity. Then<br />
the fact of that news conference and its substance were made of formal record during the hearing itself, thereby quashing the blackmail accusation.<br />
<br />
A few years later, I took the Department into court, and forced the opening of these hearings to the public and the media, with the result that in 1974 we had a four-day hearing in Los Angeles which became tantamount to a four-day news conference on our part, with Department Counsel complaining (to my enthusiastic acquiescence) that we were "crucifying" him. We were, and the whole Department. We won that one, and most thereafter.<br />
<br />
At the time of the Wentworth case, there was an unpublicized, unpublished internal Defense Department policy memorandum, of which we knew nothing, to the effect that all that needed to be made of record was that the applicant was a homosexual, and regardless of any other facts, the clearance was to be denied. So we lost the Wentworh case at that level as we were losing all others, regardless of our best efforts.<br />
</p>
<p>It eventually went to court, where it was joined with Gayer (who lived in San Francisco), and Ulrich (from DC; now deceased). Wentworth was from New Jersey. I was Personal Counsel for all three at the administrative level. As Gayer, Wentworth, and Ulrich v. [Sec. of Defense] we won a soft victory in the Court of Appeals (9th Circuit, I think, but perhaps the DC Circuit) about 1973.<br />
<br />
I haven't been in touch with Wentworth at at all since those days. Ulrich died just a few years ago. Gayer became an attorney while his clearance was in abeyance, and then went back into technology. Retired, he now lives in Phoenix; I spoke to him recently.<br />
<br />
The entire gay security clearance disqualification of those days rested formalistically upon the Eisenhower Executive Order 10450 of April, 1953. which denied clearance to "Sexual Perverts". However, they also rested upon the psychiatric classification of homosexuality as a mental or emotional disorder to claim that we were, "obviously" thereby unreliable and untrustworthy. That, of course, ended in 1973, when the APA cured us all. They also invoked the sodomy laws to deny clearances to habitual criminals.<br />
<br />
We won the 1974 LA case at the Hearing Examiner level. We had presented an array of witnesses of all kinds, including Evelyn Hooker. It was a major drama. The Department then appealed its own hearing Examiner to their Appeal Board. While that was in preparation, the US Civil Service Commission rescinded its Civil Service gay ban in July, 1975. The Department threw in the towel on security clearances, cancelled the<br />
Appeal Board hearing and issued the clearance. Thereafter it was a matter of gradual erosion of their intensive questioning of gays but not heterosexuals in investigative interviews as to the detail of their sexual activities, with me fending them off in case after case after case.<br />
<br />
The whole gay security clearance issue came to final conclusion in 1995 with the issuance of the Clinton Executive Order 12968 which, for these purposes, even though not quite explicitly, reversed EO 10450.<br />
<br />
Unlike some efforts -- the APA. the Civil Service reversal, the sodomy laws -- which had formal, specific procedurally-formalistic closings, this was a 30-year erosional, attritional effort, involving countless cases --- I have stacks of case files here, and turned over to the<br />
Library of Congress. I well remember one hearing, in 1968, which occurred just at the height of the riots in DC attendant upon King's assassination. The hearing took place in an upper floor of the Pentagon (as upper as the Pentagon gets -- it has only five floors) with a north-facing window, from which we could see the clouds of smoke rising from the riot-burning areas of DC. I warned the hearing board that that was the kind of thing that they might be in for from gays if they didn't come to their senses. The warning was rhetorical, of course, but we ultimately prevailed. It took time but we won, as we will win on all<br />
our issues, because we are right..."</p>
<p><br />
<em>Frank Kameny<br />
December 2008 </em></p>
<hr />
<p class="style3"><strong>NEW from the Kameny Archive at the Library of Congress</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong><img src="images/mattachine.jpg" alt="Mattachine art 2008" width="300" height="300" /><br />
<span class="style49">Painting inspired by Mattachine Society Button. Don Patron, 2008</span></p>
<p><strong>Mattachine Society </strong>letters from the 1960s make the intellectual case, the government relations case and the “retail” individual case for gay men and women nationwide.</p>
<p>The <strong>Mattachine Committee on Picketing and Other Lawful Demonstrations</strong>, <a href="images/KamenyPicketInstructions.jpg">Regulations for Picketing</a> (Box # 80). “Precepts: Picketing is not an occasion for an assertion of personality, individuality, ego, rebellion, generalized non-conformity or anti-conformity. It is an occasion for organized effort. … Men will wear suits, white shirts, ties; women will wear dresses.”</p>
<p><strong>Letter (1963) to Mattachine from Lawrence Jones, Deputy General Counsel, Department of Commerce, </strong>“<strong>You are instructed and directed to remove my name from your mailing list”. </strong> Responds Kameny: “ You have no authority to so instruct and to direct. You are a public official. In this country, ALL citizens whether acting singly or collectively, have the right, at ANY time, to write to ANY public official, about ANY matter.” (Box # 82).</p>
<p><strong>Memo to Homophile Organizations (1963)</strong> from The Mattachine Society of Washington, D.C., regarding Congressional hearings to strip Mattachine of its tax-exempt IRS status. (Box # 82): “To our knowledge, this was the first time that the homosexual community has stood up to Congress.” (Representative John Dowdy, D-Texas, goes after the Mattachine.</p>
<p><strong>Letter to The Daughters of Bilitis (1964</strong>) from the Neuropsychiatric Institute, UCLA. “We are studying the medical, ethical and legal implications of so-called ‘change of sex’ operations.”</p>
<p>Letter from The <strong>President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity (1962)</strong> to the Mattachine: “Unfortunately, the problem you raise is beyond the purview and resources of this Committee, Very truly yours.” </p>
<p><strong>Kameny letter to The Honorable Sam Ervin, chairman, Subcommitee on Constitutional rights, U.S. Senate (1964):</strong> “ We suggest the Subcommittee explore questions relating to the status and the treatment of the homosexual American citizen…” <a href="images/Ervin1-11-18-66.jpg">Page 1</a> <a href="images/Ervin2-11-18-66.jpg">Page 2</a></p>
<p><strong>Letter to the D.C. Mattachine (1964, handwritten):</strong> About two years ago while employed with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, I was called into the office of one of the Security Officers. This “gentleman” notified (me) that someone had named me as a partner in his homosexual activities. “</p>
<p><strong>Letter to the D.C. Mattachine (Box 81), 1964.</strong> “Mr. Kameny, on May 13, 1960, I was given an Undesirable Discharge from the U.S. Air Force on the assumption that I am homosexual. At the time of my discharge, I had completed 16 years and 1 month with a perfect service record. Also, I served through out World War Two in the South Pacific. I had won three Battle Stars and many medals not to mention earning the Good Conduct Medal every three years.”</p>
<p>Letter to Frank Kameny from <strong>Wallace Dickson, Virginia House of Delegates, Arlington, Va., 1968 </strong>(Box 81): “In the practice of criminal law I observe many injustices and am in accord with your view that modernization of the law is in order. Any assistance you and your organization can lend me would be greatly appreciated.”</p>
<p><strong>Letter to Rona Barrett, Hollywood Reporter</strong>, Washington, D.C. from Frank Kameny (1969, Box 81): “ Your comments are remarkably similar to those heard in the South in past (and present) years. ‘We all know that Negroes and whites marry, but must we seem them on the screen?”</p>
<p><strong>Letter from Secretary to Justice Hugo L. Black (</strong>1962), “Dear Dr. Kameny, Justice Black has asked me to advise you that it will not be possible for him to accept your invitation to speak”, responding to a two page Letter of Invitation from Kameny.</p>
<p>“<strong>Dear Frank, My court case turned out fine</strong>, charges changed to disorderly conduct and a fine, so I’m through, Thank God. The Norfolk Vice-Squad and Police dept. have decided to rid Norfolk of the Homosexual element here.” (Box 81<strong>), Letter to Kameny at Mattachine, 1969.</strong></p>
<p><strong>“Dear Sirs, I am a homosexual. I came across your name in this past issue of Time. I called long distance and obtained your phone number. … I need help.” Letter to Mattachine, 1969 (Box 81)</strong></p>
<p><strong><a href="images/LBJ-04-24-65.jpg">Letter to The President, The White House, Washington, D.C., from Frank Kameny, 1965.</a> (Box 80). </strong>“Dear Mr. President, We are writing to protest the second-class citizenship into which we have been thrust; to protest the denial of equality of opportunity and status implicit in the denial to us of Federal employment, and in other policies of the Federal Government; to protest our systematic exclusion from your Great Society.”</p>
<p><strong>“Dear Mr. President, A group of homosexual American citizens, and those supporting their cause, is picketing the White House, today, in lawful, dignified, and orderly protest---</strong>in the best American tradition---against the treatment being meted out to fifteen million homosexual American citizens by their government---treatment which consistently makes of them second-class citizens, at best.” (Letter from Frank Kameny, for Mattachine Societies in Washington,D.C., Chicago, New York, Philadelphia and Florida, to President Lyndon Johnson, Box 80, 1965) <a href="images/LBJ-10-23-65--1.jpg">Page 1</a> <a href="images/LBJ-10-23-65--2.jpg">Page 2</a></p>
<p><strong>Letter from Vice President Hubert Humphrey</strong> (1965, Box # 80) to Frank Kameny. “Dear Mr. Kameny, Neither the Federal Executive Orders on fair employment nor the Civil Rights Act which constitute the authority for this program of non-discrimination are relevant to the problems of homosexuals. Best Wishes.” </p>
<hr />
<p align="left" class="style3"><strong>Kameny Papers Archive Now Available at Library of Congress</strong>
<p align="left"><strong>September 11, 2008 </strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong><br />
<strong>WASHINGTON, D.C</strong>.- The Franklin Kameny Papers archive is now available to all researchers at the James Madison Building of the Library of Congress. The Register (index) to 50,000 items, 142 containers, (56.8 linear feet of documents) is available in the Manuscript Division reading room of the Library.</p>
<p> <br />
According to Charles Francis, organizer of the Kameny Papers Project, "I visited the Madison Library reading room today, reviewed the Kameny Register, and was very excited to see Frank Kameny's papers organized to perfection by the Library and its staff, led by Michael McElderry with the meticulous assistance of Kimberly Owens and Tammi Taylor. The Kameny Papers, documenting the evolution of the gay rights movement in the United States, are now available for researchers to study for many years to come. Special thanks go to our donors, including Mike Huffington, for making this possible; to the Library for understanding the importance of this great American collection; and to Frank Kameny for the leadership, the life and the preservation of it all. " </p>
<p align="center"><br />
According to the Library's "Scope and Content Note" to the Register ( excerpts from 9 pages): </p>
<p align="center"><img src="images/KamenyLibrary.jpg" alt="Frank Kameny" width="479" height="319" /></p>
<p align="left"><br />
" Kameny's responses to requests for advice or assistance from the public display a genuine concern and compassionate generosity".</p>
<p><br />
"The Correspondence series traces the evolution of the gay rights movement in the United States through Kameny's life and activism from the 1950s to the present....The series contains cross-references to link correspondents with pseudonyms, which were frequently used by early gay activists and writers. Notable correspondents include Barbara Gittings, Anthony Grey, Barbara Grier (pseud. Gene Damon), Charles G. Hayden (pseud. Randy Wicker), Robert A. Martin (pseud. Stephen Donaldson), Jack Nichols (pseud. Warren D. Adkins), Elaine Noble, Edward Sagarin (pseud. Donald Cory Webster). </p>
<p><br />
"In 1974, Kameny, acting as counsel on behalf of Otis Fancis Tabler, Jr. appeared at the first open public security clearance hearing conducted by the Defense Department's Industrial Security Clearance Review Office. The successful outcome of the hearing and the granting of Tabler's clearance marked a turning point in the Pentagon's program and a victory in Kameny's efforts to discredit the broadly held assumption within the federal government that gay individuals were inherently unreliable and uniquely vulnerable to blackmail." </p>
<p><br />
"When the American Psychiatric